SEBI Proposes Major Overhaul in Mutual Fund Categorisation to Reduce Portfolio Overlaps and Improve Investor Clarity

SEBI’s latest consultation paper introduces sweeping changes across equity, debt, hybrid, and solution-oriented mutual fund schemes aimed at rationalising offerings and enhancing transparency.

In a significant move set to reshape the mutual fund landscape, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has proposed a comprehensive review of scheme categorisation and portfolio rationalisation for mutual funds.

The proposed changes aim to:

  • Eliminate portfolio overlaps between similar schemes,

  • Introduce clearer nomenclature,

  • Enable innovative fund structures, and

  • Ensure investors receive products aligned with their financial goals and risk profiles.

SEBI has opened the consultation for public feedback until August 8, 2025.

Key Proposals at a Glance

Equity Funds: Reducing Overlap, Increasing Differentiation

  • Value and Contra Funds can coexist only if portfolio overlap is ≤ 50%.

  • Overlap monitoring will occur:

    • At the time of New Fund Offer (NFO), and

    • On a semi-annual basis using month-end portfolios.

  • Portfolio breach?

    • AMC must rebalance in 30 business days, with a one-time extension of 30 days.

    • If overlap persists, exit option without load must be provided to investors.

Sectoral & Thematic Funds:

  • No more than 50% overlap with other equity schemes (excluding large-cap).

  • Compliance required within one year for existing schemes.

Residual Allocation Flexibility:

Equity schemes can invest in:

  • Debt and money market instruments

  • Gold & silver (as per SEBI rules)

  • REITs & InvITs
    Subject to prescribed asset-class limits.

Debt Funds: Better Names, Better Understanding

  • ‘Duration’ to be replaced with ‘Term’ in fund names for clarity.

  • Low Duration Fund → Ultra Short to Short Term Fund

  • Scheme names to specify the duration explicitly, e.g.:

    • Overnight Fund (1 Day)

    • Medium Term Fund (3–4 Years)

Sectoral Debt Funds:

  • Allowed if overlap ≤ 60% with other debt schemes.

  • Adequate supply of investment-grade papers required.

  • Exempted from sectoral exposure limits under Clause 12.9.1.

Residual Allocation:

  • Can include REITs & InvITs, except in:

    • Overnight, Liquid, Ultra-Short, Low Duration, and Money Market Funds

Hybrid Funds: Refined Structure and Exposure Limits

  • Arbitrage Funds can invest only in:

    • Government securities (maturity < 1 year)

    • Repos backed by government securities

  • Equity Savings Schemes must maintain:

    • 15% to 40% in net equity and arbitrage exposure

  • Residual investments in REITs & InvITs allowed for hybrid schemes
    (except Dynamic Asset Allocation & Arbitrage Funds)

Solution-Oriented Funds: Goal-Based Investing Gets a Boost

SEBI plans to allow:

  • Life Cycle Fund of Funds (FoFs) for specific goals:

    • Housing, marriage, children’s education, etc.

  • Lock-in periods: 3 / 5 / 10 years with clear rationale

  • Target-date FoFs investing in a pre-defined structure

FoFs can invest in:

  • Most hybrid schemes (excluding Aggressive Hybrid, Dynamic Asset Allocation, Multi-Asset Allocation)

  • Most debt schemes, except All Seasons Bond Fund

Launching Additional Schemes: Stricter Criteria

Asset Management Companies (AMCs) may launch additional schemes in existing categories if:

  • Existing scheme is 5+ years old

  • Has an AUM > ₹50,000 crore

  • Similar investment objective, strategy & asset allocation

Conditions include:

  • New scheme must have a separate Scheme Information Document (SID)

  • Same naming convention (e.g., Large Cap Fund – Series I & II)

  • AMC may assign a separate fund manager

  • New scheme must match TER (Total Expense Ratio) of the existing one on the date of NFO

If the existing scheme sees a significant AUM decline, AMC may:

  • Merge it with the new scheme

  • Ensure no more than two schemes exist in a category at any time

What This Means for Investors

  • Clarity in scheme differentiation

  • Better portfolio diversification

  • Less duplication across fund houses

  • More innovative, goal-oriented investment options

These changes are expected to streamline the mutual fund universe and empower investors to make better-informed decisions.

Source: The Economic Times